Mining Reforms Pakistan
Introduction
Mining is a crucial industry in Pakistan,
but one which faces a host of challenges. Regional and national governments are
working to improve the regulatory and operational landscape for miners and
mining companies, but with regional instability and illegal mining pervasive a
history of corruption and illegal mining has deterred international investment
in the mining industry. Globally, mining has a long history of operating in
dangerous and underdeveloped areas, but the insecurity of assets in Pakistan
continues to deter many companies from investing. Extraction of major minerals
(except oil and gas) is presented as follows:
(000 tonnes)
|
|||||||||
Minerals
|
Magne-
|
Rock
|
Ochre
|
Sulphur
|
Soap
|
Baryte
|
Bauxite/
|
Iron
|
|
in 000 tonnes
|
site (tonnes)
|
Salt
|
(tonnes)
|
(tonnes)
|
Stone
|
Laterite (tonnes)
|
Ore (tonnes)
|
||
Reserves
|
Over 100
|
0.8
|
0.6
|
5
|
Over 74
|
Over 430
|
|||
Quantity
|
million
|
..
|
million
|
million
|
million
|
million
|
million
|
||
tonnes
|
tonnes
|
tonnes
|
tonnes
|
tonnes
|
tonnes
|
||||
Years
|
|||||||||
2000-01
|
4,645
|
1,394
|
4,691
|
17,428
|
47
|
28
|
35,114
|
24,765
|
|
2001-02
|
4,637
|
1,423
|
5,064
|
22,580
|
39
|
21
|
37,182
|
4,942
|
|
2002-03
|
2,645
|
1,426
|
6,733
|
19,402
|
66
|
41
|
67,536
|
11,483
|
|
2003-04
|
6,074
|
1,640
|
7,861
|
23,873
|
53
|
44
|
88,044
|
84,946
|
|
2004-05
|
3,029
|
1,648
|
18,686
|
24,158
|
21
|
42
|
78,288
|
104,278
|
|
2005-06
|
1,161
|
1,859
|
34,320
|
24,695
|
21
|
52
|
60,370
|
131,259
|
|
2006-07
|
3,445
|
1,873
|
61,665
|
27,710
|
45
|
47
|
150,842
|
150,695
|
|
2007-08
|
3,940
|
1,849
|
46,215
|
29,485
|
38
|
54
|
174,223
|
286,255
|
|
2008-09
|
2,639
|
1,917
|
56,617
|
25,784
|
14
|
63
|
137,485
|
320,214
|
|
2009-10
|
5,159
|
1,944
|
55,352
|
26,641
|
54
|
57
|
190,077
|
447,541
|
|
2010-11
|
4,908
|
1,954
|
36,078
|
27,645
|
48
|
32
|
308,027
|
329,100
|
|
2011-12
|
5,444
|
2,136
|
42,107
|
25,560
|
56
|
49
|
323,848
|
384,893
|
|
2012-13
|
6,705
|
2,160
|
37,769
|
20,610
|
93
|
118
|
353,355
|
412,108
|
|
2013-14
|
4,130
|
2,220
|
32,634
|
35,672
|
89
|
134
|
480,054
|
197,074
|
|
2014-15
|
4,581
|
2,136
|
33,909
|
19,730
|
116
|
205
|
451,818
|
328,702
|
|
2015-16
|
35,228
|
3,553
|
68,352
|
14,869
|
125
|
158
|
772,692
|
432,156
|
|
Jul-Feb
|
|||||||||
2015-16
|
26,997
|
2,386
|
38,402
|
8,507
|
89
|
115
|
529,730
|
275,152
|
|
2016-17 P
|
13,794
|
2,347
|
61,548
|
15,288
|
87
|
39
|
485,071
|
330,089
|
|
Pakistan is a resource-wealthy country with
large quantities of coal, iron and copper, as well as gold and gemstones.
Currently, Pakistan hosts the world’s second-largest coal deposits with as much
as 185 billion tonnes, as well as being the third-largest producer of iron ore
pigments. The resource potential is presented as follows:
Resource Potential
Mineral
|
Reserve
(In million Tons)
|
Grade
|
Baryte
|
14
|
Medium
|
Fire clay
|
Over 100
|
Medium to Good
|
Fuller’s earth
|
430
|
Medium to Good
|
Granite
|
Very Large
|
Medium to Good
|
Gypsum
|
4,850
|
Medium to Good
|
Limestone
|
Very Large
|
Good to very Good
|
Magnesite
|
Over 12
|
Medium to Good
|
Marble
|
Very Large
|
Good to Very Good
|
Phosphate
|
7
|
Medium to Good
|
Red Oxide
|
100
|
Medium to Good
|
Rock Salt
|
Very Large
(Over
5
billion
tons)
|
Good to Very Good
|
Silica Sand
|
20
|
Good to Very Good
|
Pakistan has only begun to scratch the
surface of its resource potential. The last few years have seen large mineral
deposits being unearthed, including an iron ore body in the central province of
Punjab. This discovery, announced in 2015, reportedly contains an estimated 500
million tonnes (Mt) of iron ore and is owned by the Metallurgical Corporation
of China. Present mining activity is presented as follows:
Sector snapshot
Category
|
Mineral
|
Annual production
|
Energy producing (2011-12)
|
Coal
|
3.45 million tons
|
Natural Gas
|
4,031.76 Mmcfd
|
|
Crude Oil
|
65,866.18 BOPD
|
|
Metallic minerals (2005-06) 1
|
Copper ore
|
5.1 million tons
|
Iron
|
131,259 metric tons
|
|
Flourite
|
1,966 metric tons
|
|
Bauxite
|
7,831 metric tons
|
|
Chromite
|
64,572 metric toms
|
|
Non- metallic minerals (2005-06)
|
Rock Salt
|
1.85 million tons
|
Gypsum
|
601,027 tons
|
|
Silica sand
|
411,047 metric tons
|
|
Limestone
|
18.42 million tons
|
|
Building stones
|
Marble
|
1.83 million tons
|
Granite
|
8,657 metric tons
|
The
mining industry in Pakistan is possibly one of the most unregulated in
Pakistan’s economy despite its considerable
contribution to the GDP, estimated to be at three percent. In terms of coal
reserves, while the recent discovery of the coalfield in Thar is currently
being celebrated as the answer to Pakistan’s energy crisis, the country has a
number of reserves of coal in different parts of the country that have been
mined for generations. In Sindh, coal has been found in Thar, Lakhra, Sandra
Jherruck, Meting Jhimpir, Indus East and Badin; in Balochistan in the Sor
Range/Degari, Khost, Mach and Duki; in Punjab the Salt Range, and Makarwal; in
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Cherat and Hungu, and in Azad Kashmir in Kotli. In Punjab
alone, there are 2,600 registered mines, and in Duki alone there are more than
380. However, the industry is characterized by fragmented ownership. Mining of
major minerals is presented as follows:
Mining of major
mineraks us oresented as followsMinerals
|
Unit of
Quantity
|
2014-15
|
2015-16
|
2016-17
|
% Change
FY17/FY16
|
Coal
|
M.T
|
3,406,851
|
3,749,312
|
4,605,807
|
22.84
|
Natural Gas
|
MMCFT
|
1,465,759
|
1,481,551
|
1,480,092
|
-0.10
|
Crude Oil
|
US B(000)
|
34,490
|
31,652
|
32,258
|
1.91
|
Chromite
|
M.T
|
100,516
|
69,333
|
98,882
|
42.62
|
Magnesite
|
M.T
|
4,611
|
35,228
|
14,890
|
-57.73
|
Dolomite
|
M.T
|
223,117
|
716,611
|
423,296
|
-40.93
|
Gypsum
|
M.T
|
1,417,007
|
1,871,716
|
2,109,152
|
12.69
|
Lime Stone
|
M.T
|
39,819,401
|
48,296,551
|
52,386,080
|
8.47
|
Rock Salt
|
M.T
|
2,136,361
|
3,552,984
|
3,491,691
|
-1.73
|
Sulphur
|
M.T
|
19,730
|
14,869
|
23,080
|
55.22
|
Barytes
|
M.T
|
118,568
|
157,407
|
42,506
|
-73.00
|
Calcite
|
M.T
|
1,694
|
1,610
|
3,837
|
138.32
|
Soap Stone
|
M.T
|
100,724
|
125,330
|
117,668
|
-6.11
|
Marble
|
M.T
|
2,520,170
|
4,748,715
|
6,179,867
|
30.14
|
Bauxite
|
M.T
|
24,689
|
57,024
|
123,316
|
116.25
|
Quartz
|
M.T
|
38,016
|
88,171
|
104,645
|
18.68
|
Ocher
|
M.T
|
33,909
|
68,352
|
109,550
|
60.27
|
Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS)
|
While there are
government and privately owned and operated coal mines in Pakistan, there are
also many individual, and sometimes illegal, owners of coal mines, which means
that there is limited information regarding the number of mines operating in
the country, and even more limited information regarding the labor involved in
these mines. The potential of major metals is presented as follows:
Potential
major metals
Mineral
|
Reserve
(In million Tons)
|
Grade
|
Baryte
|
14
|
Medium
|
Fire clay
|
Over 100
|
Medium to Good
|
Fuller’s earth
|
430
|
Medium to Good
|
Granite
|
Very Large
|
Medium to Good
|
Gypsum
|
4,850
|
Medium to Good
|
Limestone
|
Very Large
|
Good to very Good
|
Magnesite
|
Over 12
|
Medium to Good
|
Marble
|
Very Large
|
Good to Very Good
|
Phosphate
|
7
|
Medium to Good
|
Red Oxide
|
100
|
Medium to Good
|
Rock Salt
|
Very Large
(Over
5
billion
tons)
|
Good to Very Good
|
Silica Sand
|
20
|
Good to Very Good
|
Mining shortcomings
Pakistan’s rich source of non-metallic
minerals including coal and gemstones are mined by hundreds of small- and
medium-size mining groups. Working conditions of mine workers, particularly
coal mines, are very poor. The severe lack of safety measures in these mines
cause widespread deaths every year. Government agencies have not been able to
stop accidents because of very poor physical and technical standards observed
by small and medium mines. Added to which the equipment is considered obsolete
by modern standards.
Neither
the government nor the coal mines` owners have paid heed to the vulnerability
of miners. Although
it is a risky job, coal miners earn scant salaries. They are given Rs1,200 per week.
‘There is no bonus Quetta`s Daily Azadi
newspaper reports that scholarships
allocated for the children of labourers have been embezzled.
Chief
Inspector holds the coal miners responsible for the
accidents. Coal miners start digging
without inspection, which result in these incidents.` coal
miners entering the mines and starting to pump water, as a result of which
cracks appear that emit gas.
The labour department reportedly receives millions of rupees from the Mach coal mines yet the government entity doesn`t even have a footprint here. `When there is an accident, the labor department is silent; there are no doctors and other health facilities. Coal miners don`t have access to schools for their children, either, or places to live.”
The office of the Inspectorate of Mines in Mach, claims that “the owners of coal mines don`t care about their workers. We took 20 companies to court for criminal negligence and they were charged Rs10,000 to 20,000 only. In 2016, they were sent legal notices but nothing much has changed. We also provide first aid to coal miners when needed”.
Miners , however say that `We get nothing from them. The inspector comes only after accidents. Coal miners dying is a decision that is not in our hands. We can do nothing but we`d like to make a humble plea to the provincial government that families ought to be compensated when tragedies occur. Too often, even if compensation is announced, it gets embezzled”
The labour department reportedly receives millions of rupees from the Mach coal mines yet the government entity doesn`t even have a footprint here. `When there is an accident, the labor department is silent; there are no doctors and other health facilities. Coal miners don`t have access to schools for their children, either, or places to live.”
The office of the Inspectorate of Mines in Mach, claims that “the owners of coal mines don`t care about their workers. We took 20 companies to court for criminal negligence and they were charged Rs10,000 to 20,000 only. In 2016, they were sent legal notices but nothing much has changed. We also provide first aid to coal miners when needed”.
Miners , however say that `We get nothing from them. The inspector comes only after accidents. Coal miners dying is a decision that is not in our hands. We can do nothing but we`d like to make a humble plea to the provincial government that families ought to be compensated when tragedies occur. Too often, even if compensation is announced, it gets embezzled”
Mining of Coal Technical Issues in Pakistan
Lack of mining equipment
and machinery
With just one operational international mine in Pakistan (Saindak)
and the Thar coal fields in Sindh, a mining equipment
industry has not developed on a large scale in Pakistan. International exploration (junior mining) and mining companies have to employ foreign drilling contractors from Australia, EU or North America to perform exploration drilling for projects, as no in-country contractors
are
generally available with the expertise or equipment to perform the
required exploration work. For mine development and operation,
most
of the stationary processing plant equipment as well as the mobile
fleet for ore
handling need
to be imported, since
such types of Equipment have not been used in Pakistan (although Saindak has
some
imported equipment of this type) prior to international size mining operations taking place in
Pakistan.
Thar coal mining has been handled well, using large equipment and
transport to move large amounts of scrapped soil, the effort is about to make
operational the first mine, , there are however concerns raised on the choice
of machinery which has resulted in
higher mining costs that elsewhere in the world e
Locally available facilities include remote sensing operations and
small drilling operators. Pakistan surveying organizations such as
the Geological Research Institute (GRI) based in Lahore perform remote sensing operations, and drilling companies and Punjmin perform the hydrogeology drilling in search of water required for mining
operations.
There are opportunities for local companies in mining operations in such areas as drilling, chemical reagents, steel for balls in the mills,
cement, light vehicles, etc. However, other companies with
technologies and skills not currently in operation in Pakistan will be
required when international companies start mining operations in Pakistan.
Since mining operations are not highly mechanized and the
process is slow there is not too much dust .Mining labor is migratory therefore
the health effect is intermittent. The
major causes of accidents (in Baluchistan) have been cave-ins and ground falls.
This causes about 50% of the accidents, about 30-60 per year for a work force
if 31000. Haulage and transportation is the next major cause of accidents,
especially in the Punjab. Up to 15% accidents were a result of transportation
and haulage. In Punjab 131 fatal accidents were reported in this regard during
the period 1969 to 1993.
.Miners complains “We are not given any
safety equipment. Our manager comes here once a month, although it`s his duty
to take care of the workers and come here regularly. He`s supposed to inspect
the coal mine every day before letting us in, but that doesn`t happen either.”
The mining industry
in Pakistan is possibly one of the most unregulated in Pakistan’s economy. There are no discernible rules for how
a mine can be run, what qualifications a contractor must meet before obtaining
permission, and what safety training must be given to workers. All around the
world, extraordinary care is taken by mining companies to ensure that no open
flame is allowed anywhere near a coalmine, let alone inside it. But here it is
common to see kerosene lanterns being used to light up mining shafts. This is
just one example of the hazards to which workers are routinely exposed. There
is, of course, hardly any concept of compensation that must be paid in the
event of the death of or injury to miners. The sector is one of the most
dangerous in Pakistan, and provincial governments need to give more attention
to it.
The
government at Lakhra has been taxing coal at Rs475 per tonne from the
contractors. But the only rescue centre established years ago by the Sindh
government have been shut for a long time, while the hospital is dysfunctional,
too. “If there is an accident, or any other health issue, we have to take
laborers to Hyderabad,” explains a miner’s representative.
The
mine itself is a different world. Laborers — 18 in one particular part of the
mine — are cutting coal. Despite the dangerous work they are doing, there are
no safety precautions. Some are digging up coal, while others put it in sacks.
Meanwhile,
Abid Yaar says that about 100 labourers have died from just his Pirabad village
because of lung disease. “You can imagine how high the number is for all the 28
union councils of Shangla,” he says.
Even
so, the mines in Hyderabad are slightly better off in terms of safety compared
to those in the other provinces. “Around 200 laborers die every year because of
gas leakage, explosion, coal blasting, and the lack of safety,” says , general
secretary of the Pakistan Mine Workers’ Federation (PMWF). “The safety laws
have not been implemented, while mine inspectors and supervisors are not
performing well.”
According
to the PMWF, deadly incidents have increased during the last eight years but
mine authorities are still unwilling to close them down. “In 2012, at the
Quetta sewerage line mine, incident 43 labourers — all hailing from Shangla —
were killed, and dozens others were permanently disabled Most of them were from
the same family.”
Today,
there are around 270,000 miners working in mines across the country, most of
them without any safety. For families such there
is still someone to feed their children. But hundreds of families have lost all
their breadwinners
The
rights of Pakistani coal miners
As well as being signatory to a number of global treaties on
human rights relating to labour, Pakistan has four national level laws related
to health, safety and welfare of workers engaged in mining and quarrying,
specifically the Mines Act 1923, Mines Maternity Benefits Act 1941, Coal Mines
(Fixation of Rates and Wages) Ordinance 1960, and the Excise Duty on Mineral
(Labour) Welfare Act 1967. However, due
to a lack of implementation of these laws and the unregulated nature of the
mining industry, between January 2010 and March 2016, over 228 miners have been
killed in mining accidents in Pakistan, with limited data on the number of
injured people in these incidents. This is coupled with numerous health
considerations; a study of Pakistani miners health in Cherat, Nowshera district
states that 71 percent of miners suffer
from respiratory health issues, whilst 49.5 percent have pneumoconiosis
(Journal of Postgraduate Medicine Institute).
Many of these coal miners are ethnic Pashtuns, and since most of
Pakistan’s coal is situated in Sindh and Balochistan, these workers, including
children in some cases, migrate far from their homes from rural Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa to earn a living. However, a 2015 study on the State of Human
Rights stated that a large number of
miners, according to the Pakistan Standard of Living Measurement survey, earned
less than the minimum wage per month, which is Rs 13,154, while 41.31 percent
of workers earned between Rs. 5,000 and 10,000 per month.
Working
mostly in poorly developed coalmines, and due to the use of outdated
procedures, rudimentary or inefficient manual and semi-mechanised mining
methods workers are exposed to the risk of fatal and non-fatal accidents. In
February 2015, eight miners were killed and 14 injured when a coalmine in
Dukki, Loralai, collapsed after a methane gas explosion. While a senior official at the time claimed that a mines
inspector had already warned the coalmine owner that there was a high
concentration of methane in the mine that could lead to a deadly incident, it
is unknown why the mine was not shut down as soon as that was discovered.
Similarly, during an inspection by the Chief Inspectorate of Mines of the 2,600
mines in the Punjab, where 784 inspections had been conducted, it was
discovered that mine workers were not
provided with even basic protective gear. Accommodation provided to mine
workers is also usually of substandard quality, as is the occasional
healthcare.
Besides industrial accidents, coal miners have also been plagued
by acts of violence. In January 2015, unknown armed men kidnapped five miners
from a coalmine operated by the Pakistan Minerals Development Corporation in
Sor Range, near Quetta. Moreover, 23 workers were arrested from the Lakhra
coalmines during a campaign against illegal immigrants under Pakistan’s
National Action Plan. It is clear that not only are owners of coalmines failing
to protect the rights of their workers — be it health, safety and security —
but also that government is failing to adequately inspect and take action
against unsafe practices in the industry.
The build-up to the COP 21 in Paris last year, as well as at the
conference itself, saw what might be one of the largest movements of human
rights activists advocating for the inclusion of human rights into the final
text of the agreement. The final text was disappointing for most advocates of
human rights, who feel that it does not adequately address concerns raised by
civil society and indigenous communities on how the changing climate will
impact their basic human rights, particularly those relating to health, access
to resources and clean water, among others. Although many countries have
pledged to divest from coal, few have linked their continued investment in coal
with human rights, particularly of the labour involved in mining. The arguments
supporting divestment from coal in Pakistan are no longer confined to just the
climate implications but also human rights.
As a
first step, it is crucial for Pakistan to commit to and ratify the ILO’s Safety
and Health in Mines Convention 1995, as well as following the 2006 ILO Code on
Safety and Health in underground Coal Mines. Government must also commit to a
more stringent and thorough implementation of the existing policies relating to
mining in Pakistan, including stricter inspections by qualified inspectors and
ensuring that minimum wage is met. Action must be taken against those who are
not ensuring the safety of their workers, whilst the LEAs must support the
industry in the prevention of violence against its workers.
As Pakistan races towards the finish line in developing its mega
coal plant in Thar, under the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, there is little
hope that it will reconsider the projects based on its impacts on the climate
and potential impacts on human rights. While the developers of coal plants have
promised to generate employment through the construction of these coalmines and
then through the extraction process of the coal, not enough attention has been
paid to the conditions in which these workers will be working. The project is
already being criticised as many feel that China is simply offloading its
outdated technologies to Pakistan. Whether or not that is the case, the time is
right for Pakistani human rights activists to push for better conditions for
mine workers in Thar.
Lakra
Lakra coal exists all over the 110-kilometre area of
Lakhra and around 10,000 tonnes of coal is sent daily from Lakhra to Punjab and
other parts of the country; 35 companies are working there. In one mine at a
time, some 15 to 20 laborers are at work. Each earns between Rs2,500 and
Rs5,000 daily. While Sindh is the largest coal producer, Balochistan follows
close behind, and after that is Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Fata.
Details of various
mining accidents, from press releases, are randomly presented as follows:
. Previous record of last five years was suggesting that 04
deaths happened due to roof fall, 03 fatalities occurred through suffocation by
inhaling toxic gases, one causality happened via rope haulage pulley, and also
one death due to stone fall down from mine shaft. 121 workers injured in
different kinds of accidents within five years. It has been learnt from
in-depth analysis that maximum of health risk and subsequent health damages are
triggering due to lack of awareness, non-compliance of labor as well as mines
laws. Thus, it is recommended that government should not allow coal mining
contractors and companies, those which are failing in compliance with the
suggested standards.
, coal miners die from poisonous gas. In Mach, the mountains are weak coal miners die because of avalanches, or are suffocated by gas.
Recently, three coal miners died because of gas suffocation in Harnai district. A local leader of the coal miner’s informal association, says that as many as 80 miners die annually in the province.
Miners’ deaths in coal
mines and the dangerous work
they do are nothing new. Most of Shangla sends its men as coal miners to
different places in Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan.
This is not the first time that we are seeing miners die in a
coalmine accident, in this case in the Sanjdi area of Balochistan. Neither,
unfortunately, will this be the last such incident. After a three-day rescue
effort launched largely by volunteers, the bodies of all 13 workers in the
hellish mine have been retrieved; two rescue volunteers also died of
suffocation while trying to retrieve the bodies, bringing the total death count
to 15. Like all those who have lost their lives in previous mining accidents in
the country, the dead coalminers and rescuers will now be forever a statistic.
And there have been many over the years who still lie buried in the mines after
an accident.
Such fatalities are becoming far too common now, and perhaps it
is time to place some sort of a ban on mining if contractors cannot put in
place proper security procedures. In the latest instance, the explosion that
caused large sections of the mine to collapse, burying the workers inside was
triggered by a pocket of methane gas. In fact, this is a common trigger for
such accidents but not the only one. Yet despite numerous such incidents,
8 13 2108
Police
in Pakistan say a methane gas explosion in a coal mine has killed at least four
miners and trapped 13 others. Local police official Wajeet Khan says the blast
happened Sunday in the village of Sanjdi, about 50 kilometers (30 miles) east
of Quetta. He says rescuers have retrieved four bodies and that 13 other miners
are missing and feared dead, with rescue operations hindered by the gas leak.
Cave-ins and other mining accidents in Pakistan are often attributed to the
poor enforcement of safety regulations.
Rehmatullah’s death occurred last month, but by early May,
around 25 people were killed in a mine in Quetta; many others were injured. Of
the deceased, 16 were from the Zara village of Alpuri Shangla. And earlier, in
April, coal mine labourers from Shangla lost their lives while eight were
injured in two separate incidents at Darra Adam Khel, Fata, and in Jhelum,
Punjab.
“Every month, the people of Shangla receive the bodies of their
loved ones because about 70 per cent of the coal miners belong to this area,”
says Abid Yar, an activist working on coal mine labourers’ welfare.
Rehmatullah’s death occurred last month, but by early May,
around 25 people were killed in a mine in Quetta; many others were injured. Of
the deceased, 16 were from the Zara village of Alpuri Shangla. And earlier, in
April, coal mine labourers from Shangla lost their lives while eight were
injured in two separate incidents at Darra Adam Khel, Fata, and in Jhelum,
Punjab.
“Every month, the people of Shangla receive the bodies of their
loved ones because about 70 per cent of the coal miners belong to this area,”
says Abid Yar, an activist working on coal mine labourers’ welfare.
A total of 16 person were trapped after
a gas explosion in Pir Ismail, Marwar (45 km from Quetta) at around noon. Their
bodies were later recovered after hours-long rescue operation. The Quetta deputy commissioner,
Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) rescue team, local labourers,
the inspector mines, Frontier Corps (FC) personnel and District Administration
Levies force QRF were also present at the site.
Two killed,
five still trapped at PMDC mine in Quetta
Meanwhile, rescue sources say nine more
workers were reportedly trapped in another mine due to gas inhalation at the
Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation (PMDC) mine in Quetta.
Two bodies have been recovered and as
many injured labourers evacuated, they said, adding that at least five more
miners were still trapped in the mine.Rescue efforts were underway.
Illegal Mining
A moratorium on mining excavation in the
northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province was introduced eight years ago, but this
has been repealed by an ordinance in August 2016. The ordinance brings in a
series of regulations that the local government claims will increase
international investment, but some have reacted with anger. The province, which
has been plagued by illegal mining, highlights the widespread problems
affecting the country as a whole.
Illegal mining has flourished in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa since the ban; as legitimate mining efforts have ceased, mafia
groups and other gangs have taken over. Global Data head of research and
analysis for mining Clifford Smee says the mafia’s presence is unsurprising, as
“mining needs a somewhat sophisticated organisation to successfully operate”.
“Illegal mining is always an issue in developing
countries, We see large illegal mining in major producing countries such as
Indonesia (100Mt of coal is illegally mined), and we have seen issues with
illegal mining in neighboring India.”
“Typically, illegal mining flourishes in
periods of high prices, such as the high coal and iron ore prices which drove
illegal mining of these commodities in South East Asia during the Chinese
mining super cycle,” .
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is an area rich in gems
and semiprecious stones, with Swat alone boasting 70 million carats of emerald
reserves. The Mardan district has nine million carats of pink topaz reserves
while Kohistan has ten million carats of peridot, all of which are currently
being illegally traded by organised gangs.
The presence of illegal mining has been
facilitated by corruption within the government. There have been a string of
scandals involving government officials being arrested for profiting from
mining. Both former Mining Minister Ziaullah Afridi and director general of the
Directorate of Mines and Minerals Dr Liaquat Ali were arrested in 2015 for
misuse of power, allowing illegal mining and misappropriation of millions of
rupees in profit. Such arrests have not only hampered the legitimacy of the
government’s offensive against illegal mining but also led to in-fighting
within political parties.
The ordinance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa will
lift the ban on mining, but will also bring into effect new regulations to
manage the industry. These will include truck checks at mine sites rather than
on the road in order to streamline the process, and provision of heavy and
modern machinery by the local government to minimize waste.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s ex Chief Minister
Pervez Khattak presented the ordinance and its terms at a conference in 20 17 “We
also amended rules to improve [the] existing system and it will enhance our
province’s revenue up to Rs2bn [from] Rs1.2bn,” he said.
The economic benefits of a strong mining
industry are crucial to Pakistan as fuel for its ongoing development, but it
must first overcome its reputation as a dangerous investment.
“Pakistan is viewed as a high-risk country,
and mining companies and equity are wary of investing in developing countries,Two
examples being Mozambique and Mongolia, in which Rio Tinto and other western
companies have experienced difficulties.”
MINERAL POLICY AND REGULATIONS
National Mineral
Policy
The implementation of the First National Mineral Policy (NMP 1995)
at both Federal and Provincial levels paved the way for an expansion of mining sector activity in Pakistan. The implementation, as well, proved to be a pivotal step toward attracting investment in the
mining sector. Although the mining sector currently contributes
less
than 1% to Pakistan’s GDP, recent discoveries have provided strong evidence of significant mineral deposits and a great potential
for the sector to contribute to
the national and local economies.
Pakistan has a large base of industrial minerals, and the growing
interest from international mining companies carries great potential
for the rapid development of the
sector. As the government is looking to enhance the contribution of the mining
sector to Pakistan’s economic development, it becomes even more imperative for the Policy to reflect developments in the global
mining sector since 1995, including legal, fiscal and environmental
developments.
In view of these developments, a review of the NMP became necessary in order to ensure its alignment with contemporary
practices, and enhance the international competitiveness of
Pakistan’s
mining sector.
The main challenges the new National Mineral Policy
(NMP-2)
seeks to address revolve
around the following five broad themes:
·
Increasing the economic contribution of the mining sector to Pakistan’s
economy
by attracting more private investment;
Being competitive for scarce and mobile international capital for investment in the mining sector through a
stable and enabling
environment;
·
Ensuring smooth
operational and effective coordination
between Federal and Provincial
institutions in the implementation
of the regulatory and legislative regime for the mining
sector;
·
Ensuring that the exploration for, and development and
production of, Pakistan’s mineral resources are
environmentally
sustainable; and
·
Encouraging
small scale mining and local private participation
in the development of the sector.
The new policy is intended to serve as a clear and detailed representation of governments’ objective of improving the international competitiveness of the mineral sector in Pakistan. NMP-2 seeks to provide the basis for addressing these and other challenges, as well as responding to important government priorities and commitments. For example, policy provisions to cater for
research and development, human resource development, as well as promotion
and marketing,
are included in NMP-2.
The main features of the
policy are highlighted
below.
Section 1
defines the objectives
of the NMP-2 as follow:
i)
Enhancement and sustenance of revenue flow to the
Provincial and Federal Governments.
ii)
Creation of an investment-friendly climate to enhance Pakistan’s international competitiveness;
iii)
Optimization of exploration, development and exploitation
of minerals;
iv)
Mitigation of adverse environmental effects of mineral development;
v)
Generation of mass scale employment and socio-economic
vi)
uplift through enhanced skills, sustainable mineral
development, technology transfer and regional infrastructure
development;
Administrative restructuring of relevant federal and provincial mineral sectors;
vii)
Generation
of geological data, development of
a national Cadastre and provision of online accessibility to such data; and
viii)
Ensuring safe mining operations and safety and security of
investors.
In addition to defining the federal and provincial jurisdictions and their respected roles and responsibilities, in addition to various
administrative mechanisms, to promote the mineral and mining section, the NMP-2 provides the necessary
Evidently, the goal is to create a business friendly environment in
which potential investors are helped to make informed decisions as
related to the laws and regulations governing the mineral titles, licenses, lease agreements, environmental protection obligations, taxes
and royalties.
An important feature of the policy is the recognition of the need to
promote research and development and to undertake detailed
geological survey of Pakistan as well as creating the Geo-Data Bank
of Pakistan
Regulatory Regime
Grant and management of mining concessions in Pakistan are
regulated by the Regulation of Mines & Oil-fields and Mineral
Development (Government Control) Act, 1948 and the related rules made under the Act. The Act and the rules are the main instruments of administration, compliance and dispute resolution in respect of Pakistan minerals.
There is substantial scope for improving the regulatory environment. For example, variances between formal leases and traditional land
rights, based on communal holdings, are a source of uncertainty, as is the need for security clearances in some areas. A key requirement to attract investment in mining is the provision of geo-data at the
precompetitive stage. Pursuant to the NMP, this involves the government carrying out surveys and systematically compiling geo-
data
from existing operators. Several agencies have been engaged in
geological mapping and exploration, including the GSP. Accessing
the findings, however, is difficult.
Under the GB Mineral Concession Rules, the DoMD grants licenses
and leases upon the recommendations of a Mines Committee and Sub-Committee.
In the absence of other services, this is the core
function of the department. However, the needed committees have
not been constituted, and applications are processed by the Deputy
Director and granted with the
approval of the Chief Secretary. This is in contravention of the rules and coupled with weak accountability
mechanisms, the scope for malpractice is unduly hi
Steps needed to reform mining Sector
For mining to reach its potential in
Pakistan, the government must quash illegal mining and secure international
investments. Previous efforts have been made with varied levels of success, and
last year, five key figures were arrested at the outset of a renewed crackdown
on illegal mining.
Across Pakistan incentives are being created
to promote international investment in mining. In Punjab, Minister for Mines
& Minerals Chaudhry Sher Ali Khan has introduced reforms that will increase
royalties on certain minerals, as well as revise application fees and rents.
These changes are designed to encourage international investment in particular
and may be seen in other provinces, such as neighbouring Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
should they prove successful.
Despite efforts to increase investment and
tackle gangs, there are still many hurdles to overcome, not the least of which
is how to win over the mining companies at home and internationally. “The government is responsible for the
current illegal mining of precious gems and semi-precious stones and other
minerals as the ban slapped in 2008 encouraged organised gangs to continue
their illegal business,” Frontier Mine Owners’ Association (FMOA) president
Sher Bandi Khan Marwat told The Express Tribune at the end of last year.
The eight-year ban has taken its toll upon
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the government is often blamed for allowing the mafia to
become so well-established. A shift to legal mining will be challenging and the
ordinance has not necessarily made it easy. For instance, the FMOA’s Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa branch has claimed that, of the 1,300 mines in the province,
80% are on the verge of collapse.
Also, regulations brought in by the ordinance
are being called unworkable by mining companies in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa area,
which has led the FMOA to obtain a stay order from the high court. With
competition from illegal mining gangs, conforming to the regulations is
impossible and puts off foreign investment, argues the FMOA.
The government has argued that the
ordinance’s sanctions are designed to remove the monopoly of mining companies
and benefit the province as a whole. Whether or not this is possible, an
agreement will need to be reached between the government and mining firms for
the benefit of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In any case, it seems that illegal mining
will need to be significantly curtailed for the new regulations to be effective
and to avoid putting the cart before the horse.
Pakistan’s mining future remains hampered by
insecurity, but as provinces such as Punjab instigate effective regulations and
gain international investment, the industry’s prospects are brightening. Its
success remains dependent on the ability of the government to deter, rather
than enable, illegal mining operations in the country.
Aid Agency Support requirements
The international development organizations in Pakistan are
unanimous that a more aggressive development of mining sector
would be pivotal to economic growth and prosperity.To be effective, a mining development plan is dependent upon a number of
prerequisites, namely:
·
A national mineral policy that helps create a
business friendly atmosphere, promotes an
environmentally responsible mining practices,
encourages technology and human resources development;
·
A legal system, and the subordinate regulations and administrative bodies, that ensures the rights of all parties
are clearly defined
and protected;
·
An
adequate infrastructure consisting of transportation and
communication
systems, health
and other civic services and facilities; and
·
An able bureaucracy that facilitates, rather than
inhibiting, economic
activities.
Pakistan needs the development community’s assistance in all four
points mentioned above, which translates into a need to undertake a comprehensive, integrated approach to mining development in
Pakistan. Such an approach encompasses all sectors of the economy,
and if managed effectively, the mining sector would jumpstart an economic growth and prosperity unprecedented in Pakistan. The
focus of the development organizations is on capacity building and technical assistance.
A review of recent policy documents of government of Pakistan
(GoP), demonstrates that GoP is conscious of the need to address the issues enumerated above expeditiously. Although the Planning Commission of GoP did not specifically address the mining sector,
presumably to avoid crossing the federal/provincial jurisdictional
boundaries, in discussing every sector, the need to create a business
friendly environment has been emphasized. In every sector, from
agriculture to manufacturing to service sectors the shortcomings of the status quo are common as above. The donors’ support, solicited
in this paper, not only would be beneficial to the mining sector, but also will contribute to other sectors of the economy. In addition, it will contribute to improvement of the capacity of federal and
provincial governments. At the provincial level, the study group has witnessed the government officials’ commitment to address those shortcomings as an unavoidable prerequisite
to bring the mining industry in Pakistan to international standards with all its potential economic
and social benefits.
The following table captures the specific areas, discussed in this paper, that need to
be addressed by the
donors’ community.
Technical assistance requirements of various
governments are as follows
S.
#
|
Province /
Federating
Unit
|
Major Minerals Potential (Million
Tons)
|
Requirements
|
1.
|
Federal
Government
|
---
|
Technical assistance for national Cadastre
and national mineral development plan.
Assistance for institutional capacity building of federal agencies through short and long term training courses and logistic support. Details already provided in the meeting dated 05.4.2012.
Technical assistance to attract investors and
prepare for international events;
Technical assistance to advance the economic, environmental and social conditions considering
the cultural factors of mining communities.
|
2.
|
A.J.& K.
|
Gemstone (Ruby:
200 million crt)
Marble (2000),
Coal (9)
|
Capacity building through short and
long
term training courses
and logistic support.
Technical assistance
for
evaluation of
gemstone potential
|
3.
|
Balochistan
|
Copper-gold
(6000)
Chromite (1.88)
Lead-zinc (23) Marble &
Granite
(Above 500)
Iron
Ore (335),
Coal (217)
|
Capacity
building
through
short
and long
term
training courses.
Technical assistance in form of expert to
upgrade mining concession rules.
Institutional capacity building of Directorate
General Mines &
Minerals, Balochistan through logistic support.
|
4.
|
Gilgit-
Baltistan
|
Gemstone
(tourmaline, topaz, garnet, aquamarine and quartz: 200 million crt)
|
Capacity building
through short
and
long
term
training courses and
logistic support.
Technical
assistance
for
evaluation of
gemstone potential.
|
5.
|
Khyber
Pakhtoonkh
wa
|
Iron
Ore (283)
Coal (90)
Gemstone (Emerald &
gemstones: 70 M
crt)
Marble & Granite
(3,000)
Rock Salt (2,000)
|
Capacity
building through
short and
long
term
training courses.
Technical assistance
for
evaluation of
gemstone potential.
|
Training
Schools, Centers and Polytechnics
Table Universities with Mining Engineering
Department in Pakistan
Discipline – Mining engineering
|
Website
address
|
University of Engineering and
Technology, Lahore,
|
|
Mehran University Of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro
|
|
NED university
|
|
University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar
|
|
Discipline- Geology
|
|
Karachi University
|
|
Sindh University, Jamshoro
|
|
Balochistan
University, Quetta
|
|
Punjab University, Lahore
|
|
Sargodha University, Sargodha
|
|
Peshawar University
|
|
Malakand University
|
|
Muzafarabad University
|
|
Discipline- Geophysics
|
|
Qauid-i-Azam University
|
4.4.1
Local Mining companies
Local mining and drilling companies (mostly government controlled) play an important role in making immediate availability of key
services and expertise/equipment.
A list of
important local mining corporations
is as
follows:
Pakistan
Mineral Development Corporation
The Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation (PMDC) is an
autonomous corporation attached to the Ministry of Petroleum and
Natural Resources, Government of Pakistan. It was created in 1974
with an authorized capital of Rs 1,000 million to expand and help mineral development activities in the country. The Pakistan Mineral Development Corporation was previously known as Resource
Development Corporation. PMDC operates four coalmines, four salt
mines/ quarries and
a silica sand quarry. PMDC produces 10% of the coal
and 45% of the total salt production in the country. Its annual turnover during the year 2003-2004
was Rs.584.864
million.
Pakistan
Gemstone
and Jewelry Development Company
The Company was established to develop the gem and jewelry industry of the country from mine to market, and to enhance its competitiveness internationally by facilitation, technology up- gradation and skill development. The centre-point of the gemstone
industry in Pakistan is Khyber-Pakhtoonkhwa. Gems and precious
stones, which are mined and polished in Pakistan, include actinolite,
hessonite, rodingite,
agate, idocrase, rutile,
aquamarine, jadeite, ruby, amazonite, kunzite, serpentine, azurite, kyanite, spessartine (garnet), beryl, marganite, spinel, emerald, moonstone, topaz, epidote, pargasite, tourmaline, garnet (alamandine), peridot, turquoise,
grossular, quartz (citrine & others) and vesuvianite. The export value
of these gems is estimated locally at more than 200 Million dollars per year.
PGJDC provides training in gemstones and jewelry making. It has
worked to seek affiliation with different technical boards. Courses taught at Karachi training center have been obtained from the Sindh
Board of Technical Education. PGJDC affiliation with TEVTA Punjab is in the process. One-year postgraduate diploma programs in
jewelry designing and manufacturing have started at Karachi and
Lahore.
The Company has established fully functional Training Centers in Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, Peshawar and Gilgit; Gem Exchanges in Peshawar and Quetta;
and Gem Labs in Karachi, Lahore, Gilgit,
Peshawar and Quetta. More than 5000 individuals were trained
across the country in the areas of gems and jewelry through more than
350 training programs. The Company is also playing a vital role
in promoting the gems and jewelry industry through participation in
different international shows in major countries including USA, Germany, UAE, Hong Kong and Thailand. It has also organized 24
Gem
Bazaars in Islamabad, Peshawar and Quetta to create an enabling environment for gems and jewelry trade and exports. The USAID Pakistan Initiative for Strategic Development and Competitiveness (PISDAC) has helped PGJDC in a number of
activities and facilitated dialogue and coordination through a strategic working group.
PGDJC future plans include
·
Setting up of
training centers in Sargodha,
Azad
Kashmir, Bahawalpur, Faisalabad, Multan
and Sukkur;
·
Setting
up
of
Gem Processing,
Mining
and
Training
Centers in
Abbottabad, Chillas,
Chitral, Gizir and
Skardu;
·
Setting
up
of
Assaying and Hallmarking
Centers in Karachi,
Lahore, Faisalabad and Multan;
·
Setting up of Business Development Centers in Karachi,
Islamabad
and Gilgit;
·
Setting up a Gem
Exchange in Karachi; and
·
Setting up a Diamond cutting and faceting facility in the
country.
Punjab Mineral Development Corporation (PUNJMIN)
PUNJMIN is the state mining corporation of Punjab and exploits
nearly all minerals found in the Province. In 2011-12, the Corporation had sales in excess of PKR 550 million with profits of
PKR142 million. The Corporation has a number of drilling rigs and owns 27 mining leases in the province, which produce coal, salt, bauxite, silica sand and gypsum. It is one of the largest producers of Gypsum and Salt in the country. Investors
can partner with PUNJMIN for mining operations in
the Province.
Lack
of mining equipment
and machinery
With just one operational international mine in Pakistan (Saindak)
and some work on the Thar coal fields in Sindh, a mining equipment
industry has not developed on a large scale in Pakistan. International exploration (junior mining) and mining companies have to employ foreign drilling contractors from Australia, EU or North America to perform exploration drilling for projects, as no in-country contractors
are
generally available with the expertise or equipment to perform the
required exploration work. For mine development and operation,
most
of the stationary processing plant equipment as well as the mobile
fleet for ore
handling need
to be imported, since
such types of
equipment have not been used in Pakistan (although Saindak has
some
imported equipment of this type) prior to international size mining operations taking place in
Pakistan.
Locally available facilities include remote sensing operations and
small drilling operators. Pakistan surveying organizations such as
the Geological Research Institute (GRI) based in Lahore perform remote sensing operations, and drilling companies and Punjmin perform the hydrogeology drilling in search of water required for mining
operations.
There are opportunities for local companies in mining operations in such areas as drilling, chemical reagents, steel for balls in the mills,
cement, light vehicles, etc. However, other companies with
technologies and skills not currently in operation in Pakistan will be
required when international companies start mining operations in Pakistan.
UPDATE Mining Issues
The annual death toll of mine accidents was
between 100 to 200 but a remarkable increase in these incidents has been
observed in the first half of 2018, and due to the lack of resources and heavy
rescue machinery, it is very unlikely that a worker could survive once trapped
inside the coal mine. Accompanied by a handful of mine workers Most of these
workers hail from Swat, Dir and other areas of K-P with a large proportion
being illiterate and inexperienced, who do not take proper precautions for
their own safety.”
Many of Baluchistan’s coal mines have
such poor ventilation systems that a mere methane gas exposure can shut them
down, resulting in an explosion and collapsing of the coal mine roof. Moreover,
another main reason behind the current series of accidents in various rural
parts of Baluchistan is the insufficient build-up of coal mine roof. In most
parts of the world, these roofs are maintained by a hydraulic support known as
the “chocks”. These hydraulically-powered roves support the advance to give
protection and do not allow the roof behind the support to fall. But
unfortunately, here in Baluchistan, the coal mine owners are illiterate, greedy
and do not care about the fact that roof and ground control are the major factors
of safe mining. Most of the coal mines of Baluchistan are found in a dangerous
zone where methane gas liberation (produced) limits the coal production and
depletes the thick seams of coal, which is the main reason behind the rapid
increase in accidents. In spite of these obvious facts, most of Baluchistan’s
coal mine owners are still running their businesses on the same decade-old
patterns of mining and eventually putting the lives of thousands of mine
workers and residents of neighborhood in danger
A more
sophisticated mining techniques
are the need of the hour. All underground coal mines should be properly equipped
with large fans approximately 300hp each. This well-designed ventilation system
will dilute a huge amount of fresh air with leaked toxic gases and dust
particles. Also, these fans should be carefully maintained and checked before
mining starts for the day. Moreover, the mines that are 800 to 1,000 feet deep
and where workers have to move on to deeper and gassier regions, the toxic
gases should be removed using pipe drainage so that there is fresh air for
ventilation.
Meanwhile, to reduce the hazards and
safety problems of coal miners, a couple of
years ago, a group of three students from the Computer Science Department of
BUITMS worked on cost effective miners’ supervising system. They developed an
empirically tested sensor-based head gear or helmet that can protect coal mine
workers from the accidental gas leaks by offering a real time surveillance
signal or early warning. The head gear consists of various sections like gas,
collision and helmet sensors and a highly sensitive location identifier. That
helmet is equally equipped with a heartbeat monitor and a communication system
to the base station outside the mine. Furthermore, working on the same gas
sensor technology, a cheap hand-held sensor can also be developed as an early
warning for the sudden toxic gas exposure. Unfortunately, neither the
government of Baluchistan nor the coal mine association or federations widely
projected these inventions.
Update
November 25, 2018. Three
coal-miners have died after inhaling poisonous gas in a coal mine in Chamalang
area of Duki district on Sunday. Official sources said that around five coal
miners, who were working hundreds of feet deep inside the mine fell unconscious
after inhaling the poisonous gas. Rescue workers rushed to the site to recover
all the affected workers, who were shifted to the nearest health facility.
However, health officials later pronounced three miners dead. “Three coal miners died of inhaling poisonous
gas had been working deep inside the mine,” said a police official. However,
two miners survived as they were not working that deep in the mine, they added.
At least 14 coal miners died in three
separate incidents in different coal mines in KP last month.
The list of victims is never-ending. On
May 6, 23 workers were killed when two coal mines collapsed near Quetta. On Aug
12, 15 perished in an explosion in Sanjdi. On Sept 2, two miners died from
suffocation in Machh. On Sept 12, a gas explosion in Darra Adam Khel claimed
the lives of nine miners. On Oct 14, five workers died from suffocation in
Peshawar and Nowshera. And now, three more miners have died from inhaling
poisonous substances in Dukki, Balochistan. The body count keeps rising. So
routine are the deaths of coal miners that they barely make a ripple in the
public’s consciousness anymore. In the past eight years, more than 320
occupational deaths of coal miners have been recorded — around 57 of them this
year alone.
Coal mines are death traps for the 20,000-strong labor force in Baluchistan,
and that is forced to toil in 2,500 mines. Miners are forced to work in
conditions that resemble modern-day slavery. Many do not receive minimum wages,
and there is evidence of debt bondage. The poorly equipped workforce also
exhibits a high prevalence of respiratory illnesses. There are several reasons
for the continued exploitation. First, the negligence of powerful owners — many
of them hold political office — who does not invest in adequate infrastructure
and training. Second, is the attitude of contractors who force miners to work overtime?
Third, the poor implementation of safety standards. Fourth, the total lack of
effective unionisation. A lack of accountability allows private investors free
rein to maximize profit on the back of exploited labor. Despite documented
evidence, the chief inspector of mines in Baluchistan has not prosecuted a
single mine owner or contractor under the (admittedly outdated) Mines Act,
1923. It is imperative for Pakistan to endorse the ILO’s Safety and Health in
Mines Convention, 1995, and the Code on Safety and Health in Underground Coal
Mines, 2006. The only impediments are the interference of vested interests and
the criminal indifference of those who believe the poor are unworthy of rights.
Update Dec., 28, 2018: At least three coal miners died while two others
were rescued when a mine collapsed in Baluchistan’s Dukki district on Thursday
morning, District Police Officer (DPO) Sardar Hashim told DawnNewsTV. According
to the DPO, the incident took place in the Chamlang area of the district. The
police official said five miners were working thousands of feet deep inside a
mine, when it suddenly collapsed. Miners have also been recovered. "There
are almost no safety arrangements for life security of miners," said Bakht
Nawab, an official of the coal miners association in Balochistan. The
regulations framed under the Mines Act, 1923, stipulate a fairly extensive
safety and labor welfare regime that must be enacted and observed at all mines. Under this Act, the key position
empowered to carry out and verify the implementation of the Act is that of the
chief inspector and the inspectors appointed, pursuant to the 18th Amendment,
by the provincial governments "Rules are mere in papers rather than in
practice," said Sultan Muhammad Khan, the central leader of Pakistan
Central Mines Labour Federation (PMCLF). In the past eight years, more than 318
laborers working in coal mines have been killed in the course of their
employment in Baluchistan. Just in the first eight months of this year, at
least 50 miners have died in Baluchistan and in August alone, 17 coal miners
lost their lives in two separate incidents.
Update Dec., 28, 2018: At least three coal miners died while two others
were rescued when a mine collapsed in Baluchistan’s Dukki district on Thursday
morning, District Police Officer (DPO) Sardar Hashim told DawnNewsTV. According
to the DPO, the incident took place in the Chamlang area of the district. The
police official said five miners were working thousands of feet deep inside a
mine, when it suddenly collapsed. Miners have also been recovered. "There
are almost no safety arrangements for life security of miners," said Bakht
Nawab, an official of the coal miners association in Balochistan. The
regulations framed under the Mines Act, 1923, stipulate a fairly extensive
safety and labor welfare regime that must be enacted and observed at all mines. Under this Act, the key position
empowered to carry out and verify the implementation of the Act is that of the
chief inspector and the inspectors appointed, pursuant to the 18th Amendment,
by the provincial governments "Rules are mere in papers rather than in
practice," said Sultan Muhammad Khan, the central leader of Pakistan
Central Mines Labour Federation (PMCLF). In the past eight years, more than 318
laborers working in coal mines have been killed in the course of their
employment in Baluchistan. Just in the first eight months of this year, at
least 50 miners have died in Baluchistan and in August alone, 17 coal miners
lost their lives in two separate incidents.
Update: Jan., 3, 2019
An explosion took place in a coal mine in
the Chamalang area of Dukki district on Wednesday, killing four coal miners and
critically injuring one. The explosion took place as a result of a poisonous
gas, which had filled in the mine. This is the third such incident taking place
in a coal mine in the last two weeks.
Update Dukki, Baluchistan; Jan., 22, 2109:
At least three miners were killed after a coal mine they were working in
partially collapsed following a gas explosion in Baluchistan’s coal-rich Dukki
district on Monday morning. Three coal miners still remain trapped inside the mine, more than
eight hours after the explosion, The six miners
were working 1,700 feet deep inside the mine when a methane gas explosion
resulted in a portion of the mine to collapse, Hazardous working conditions
inside coal mines of Baluchistan have been claiming precious human lives. As per the statistics provided by the provincial Mines and
Minerals Development Department, over 1,000 coal miners have died in such kind
of incidents during the last 18 years in Baluchistan. According to
government sources, there are at least 20,000 laborers employed across Baluchistan
in 2,500 mines.
Mining Deaths:Jan.,28,019:Two
workers were killed after a trolley full of coal fell on them when they were
working inside a coalmine in Duki tehsil of Loralai district on Sunday. Mines
in Baluchistan are notorious for their poor safety standards. As many as 19
miners have so far lost their lives in incidents in Duki this month., said that
lack of safety precautions at mines in Duki caused incidents on a daily basis.On
Jan 21, six miners were killed after an explosion inside a coalmine in Duki.
Quetta mine collapse:
July,16,2019:
Quetta mine collapsed , The miners got trapped almost 3,500 feet inside after
the mine collapse due to the accumulation of poisonous gas on Sunday one mine worker was brought to safety during a
rescue operation but efforts were under way to recover the remaining 11 miners,
who have been trapped for over 20 hours. The presence of poisonous gas inside
the mine has been making the access to the miners difficult. It was stated that
six relief workers participating in the rescue operation also fell unconscious
due to toxic gas in the mine and had to be evacuated. According to the Pakistan
Central Mines Labour Federation, about 100 to 200 laborers die on average in
coal mine accidents across the country every year. The Baluchistan Mines
Association held a protest outside the Quetta Press Club against the rise of
coalmine incidents. According to leaders of the union, the government has
failed to ensure safety of mine workers as owners and contractors are turning
these mines into death holes. Poor working conditions inside the coalmines in Baluchistan
has been claimed lives of several minders in Harnai, Dukki, Mach and Sowrange
areas.
July, 18,2019:
July, 18,2019:
ReplyDeleteNajam Farooqi •
Independent Oil & Energy Professional wrote on LinkedIn
"It's the most primitive sector in Pakistan with hardly any safety ststems installed or provided to miners. Regular death reports in make shift coal mines, have not moved any responsible Govt department ort regulator. Miners mostly from Shangla Swat are the victims, as in every coal mine all over Pakistan, they seem to be employed as contract labour.
From LinkedIn forum I will request relevant minister is to take immediate action"
ReplyDeleteMuhammad Imran Halim wrote on Linkedin •
Hydropower/Energy Consultant
Sir a very serious issue always ignored by the relevant authorities!
https://tribune.com.pk/story/1826408/1-another-darra-adam-khel-coal-mine-caves-casualties-feared/?fbclid=IwAR28QCyFZBsNxRaUvWeAd3y-xeWnAuinf9LYBCx9_i08btfN7ziqlRnQhI8
ReplyDeletehttps://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/73154/the-dark-side-of-coal-mining-we-can-walk-in-knowingly-but-we-never-know-if-well-get-to-walk-out/?fbclid=IwAR39Q4y9KZQytf_kh28xUGjZ-N1WX_KcMJ-TWCRcK5ffFG36j0QF1ULSWlM
ReplyDelete